AFAIK, currently all debit cards are US-based. Mastercard - US based, VISA - US based. We used to have girocard in Germany, but it’s being phased out by most banks in favor of one of the US solutions. There used to be the EC system but as I understand it, it’s gone for a while now.
Do we currently have any card-based European payment solutions? How much money do we actually give to the US just for the luxury of being able to pay by card?
Some banks like Sparda Bank, Sparkasse and VR in Germany have their own app at least on android as far as I know. And the EU forced Apple to open its ecosystem to other apps.